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It’s not theoretical to se how people consistently behave when there’s less friction for toxic behavior. You should look into it if you’re not already aware of the very predictable negative outcomes that stem from removing those frictions.
I mean in the specific case of “giving vote visibility to everyone will cause more harassment based on who-voted-on-what”. It’s theoretical because this has not been implemented yet.
Except that it plainly obvious that it’s a reduction in friction for doing so and therefore will increase the behavior.
I’ve addressed this in another comment. At first, it’s quite likely that we’d see an increase in behavior. But the way to correct this would be by reporting “serial downvoters” and brigaders to moderators, which could then be empowered to enforce “don’t downvote just because you disagree” guidelines.
Hackernews, for all its faults, does this very well. Their moderation team is quite small, yet it rarely falls into screaming matches between users. Their guidelines are clear and let people understand what is/is not acceptable. Mods are rarely seen threatening to ban someone, but often calling out bad behavior and simply asking people to stop doing whatever they are doing before it escalates further.